New simulations hint pulsar nebulae are influenced by the evolution of their progenitor stars

Pulsars are a type of neutron star with a very fast rotation and strong magnetic fields that form following a supernova explosion. When a supernova explosion is asymmetric, it can give the pulsar a powerful ‘kick’, accelerating it to supersonic speeds. As the pulsar moves, the nebula formed by its wind interacts with the surrounding environment, significantly altering its shape. A new study led by the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) published in a letter to the editor of the Astronomy & Astrophysics journal proves that the shape and emission properties of these nebulae are directly influenced by the past evolutionary history of their progenitor stars. This study proves the physical properties and physical appearances of the wind nebulae forming around young fast-moving pulsars depend strongly on the past stellar evolution history of their progenitor star. The new 3D results show the progenitor history must be definitely taken into account to better constrain the environments of pulsars. So far, this element has been ignored in scientific studies, but it was shown as an essential ingredient in defining the current morphological appearance of the nebuale.